SmileArts Dental

FAQs

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Frequently Asked Questions

What should I do if I have bad breath?

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Bad breath, or halitosis, is a common and sometimes embarrassing condition. Most people experience it occasionally, especially in the morning. In healthy mouths, the main cause is bacterial buildup on the tongue, particularly the back. Brushing or scraping the tongue can reduce bad breath by up to 70%.

Common Causes of Bad Breath

  • Morning breath: Reduced saliva flow during sleep allows bacteria to grow.
  • Certain foods: Garlic, onions, and other foods release odor-causing compounds that enter the bloodstream and lungs.
  • Poor oral hygiene: Food debris and plaque promote bacterial growth.
  • Gum disease: Bacteria under inflamed gums can cause odor.
  • Cavities and dental appliances: Decay or poorly fitted devices may contribute.
  • Dry mouth: Caused by medications, salivary gland issues, or mouth breathing.
  • Tobacco products: Dry the mouth and worsen odor.
  • Dieting or dehydration: Ketones or reduced saliva can cause smell.
  • Medical conditions: Diabetes, liver or kidney problems, sinus infections, bronchitis, and pneumonia may contribute.

How to Prevent Bad Breath

  • Practice good oral hygiene: Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, floss daily, clean your tongue, and replace your toothbrush every 2–3 months. Clean dentures or bridges thoroughly if you wear them.
  • See your dentist regularly: Schedule check-ups and cleanings at least twice a year (more if you have gum disease).
  • Avoid tobacco: Stop smoking or chewing tobacco; ask your dentist for support if needed.
  • Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your mouth moist and wash away bacteria.
  • Use mouth rinses: Ask your dentist about antiseptic rinses that reduce bacteria, not just mask odor.

In most cases, your dentist can identify and treat the cause of bad breath. If your mouth is healthy but bad breath persists, you may be referred to your physician to find the underlying cause and receive an appropriate treatment plan.

How often should I brush and floss?

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Brushing and flossing are essential for controlling plaque and bacteria that cause tooth decay and gum disease. Plaque is a sticky film of food, bacteria, and saliva that produces acids harmful to teeth and gums. If not removed, it hardens into tartar, which can damage gums and bone.

Toothbrushing

  • Brush at least twice a day, especially before bed, using a soft-bristled ADA-approved toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste.
  • Hold the brush at a 45° angle to the gums and use gentle circular motions on all tooth surfaces.
  • Clean the inner, outer, and biting surfaces, including the front teeth using the brush tip.
  • Brush your tongue to remove bacteria and freshen breath.
  • Electric toothbrushes are recommended for efficient plaque removal; let the brush do the work over several teeth at a time.

Flossing

  • Floss daily to clean between teeth and under the gumline, preventing plaque buildup and gum damage.
  • Use 12–16 inches (30–40 cm) of floss, wrapping it around your middle fingers, leaving 2 inches (5 cm) between hands.
  • Guide the floss gently between teeth using a sawing motion.
  • Curve the floss into a “C” around each tooth and move up and down along the side of the tooth under the gumline.
  • Floss holders can help if conventional floss is difficult to use.

Rinsing

Rinse with water after brushing and after meals if you cannot brush. If using an over-the-counter mouth rinse, consult your dentist or hygienist to ensure it’s appropriate for you.

Are amalgam (silver) fillings safe?

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Over the years there has been some concern about the safety of amalgam (silver) fillings. An amalgam is a blend of copper, silver, tin, and zinc, bound by elemental mercury. Dentists have used this blended metal to fill teeth for more than 100 years. The controversy arises from claims that exposure to vapor and tiny particles of mercury can cause health problems.

According to the American Dental Association (ADA), up to 76% of dentists use silver-containing mercury fillings, and studies have found no link between these fillings and medical disorders. The ADA, CDC, WHO, and FDA all support the use of silver fillings as safe, durable, and cost-effective. The only exception is for patients with an allergy to any component of the filling, which is extremely rare.

While mercury is toxic at high levels, in amalgam fillings it combines with other metals and becomes an inactive, safe substance. There are also alternatives to silver fillings, including composite (tooth-colored), porcelain, and gold fillings. Discuss these options with your dentist to determine the best choice for your needs.

How often should I have a dental exam and cleaning?

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You should have your teeth checked and cleaned at least twice a year, though your dentist or dental hygienist may recommend more frequent visits.

Regular dental exams and cleanings are essential for preventing dental problems and maintaining the health of your teeth and gums. During these visits, your teeth are cleaned and checked for cavities, and many other aspects of your oral health are monitored, including:

  • Medical history review: Updates on medical conditions, medications, and recent illnesses provide insight into your overall and dental health.
  • Examination of diagnostic x-rays (radiographs): Helps detect decay, tumors, cysts, bone loss, and evaluate tooth and root positions.
  • Oral cancer screening: Checks the face, neck, lips, tongue, throat, tissues, and gums for signs of oral cancer.
  • Gum disease evaluation: Examines gums and bone around teeth for periodontal disease.
  • Examination of tooth decay: All tooth surfaces are checked for decay using specialized dental instruments.
  • Examination of existing restorations: Reviews current fillings, crowns, and other dental work.
  • Removal of calculus (tartar): Hardened plaque that forms above and below the gumline is removed with special instruments.
  • Removal of plaque: Sticky bacterial film on teeth that can inflame gums and lead to periodontal disease is cleaned away.
  • Teeth polishing: Removes stains and residual plaque not removed by brushing or scaling.
  • Oral hygiene recommendations: Advice on brushes, floss, rinses, and other aids for optimal home care.
  • Review of dietary habits: Eating habits are discussed to support overall dental health.

As you can see, a thorough dental exam and cleaning involves much more than just checking for cavities and polishing teeth. We are committed to providing the best possible care, which requires regular check-ups and cleanings.

How can I tell if I have gingivitis or periodontitis (gum disease)?

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Four out of five people have periodontal disease and don’t know it! Most are unaware because early-stage gum disease is usually painless. Unlike tooth decay, which often causes discomfort, periodontal disease can exist without noticeable symptoms. Regular dental check-ups and periodontal examinations are essential to detect any problems early.

Periodontal disease begins when plaque—a sticky, colorless film of bacteria, food debris, and saliva—is left on teeth and gums. The bacteria produce toxins that inflame gums and slowly destroy bone. Proper brushing and flossing help prevent plaque buildup and its damaging effects.

Risk Factors

  • Smoking or chewing tobacco: Increases plaque and tartar formation.
  • Tooth or appliance conditions: Poorly fitting bridges, crowded teeth, or defective fillings can trap plaque.
  • Medications: Steroids, cancer therapy drugs, blood pressure medications, oral contraceptives, and others can reduce saliva, making plaque harder to remove.
  • Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, puberty, and oral contraceptives can make gums more sensitive to bacterial toxins.
  • Systemic diseases: Conditions such as diabetes, blood disorders, or HIV/AIDS may increase risk.
  • Genetics: Family history of tooth loss may predispose some patients to aggressive periodontitis.

Signs and Symptoms

  • Red and puffy gums: Healthy gums are never red or swollen.
  • Bleeding gums: Gums should not bleed even with brushing or flossing.
  • Persistent bad breath: Caused by bacterial buildup.
  • New spacing between teeth: May indicate bone loss.
  • Loose teeth: Can result from weakened periodontal fibers or bone loss.
  • Pus around teeth and gums: Sign of infection.
  • Receding gums: Loss of gum tissue around teeth.
  • Tenderness or discomfort: Plaque, tartar, and bacteria can irritate gums and teeth.

Good oral hygiene, a balanced diet, and regular dental visits can help reduce your risk of developing periodontal disease.

Why is it important to use dental floss?

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Brushing removes food, plaque, and bacteria from most tooth surfaces, but it cannot reach the tight spaces between teeth. These areas are highly susceptible to decay and gum disease.

Daily flossing is the best way to clean between teeth and under the gumline. It not only removes trapped debris but also disrupts plaque buildup, protecting your gums, teeth, and bone from damage.

Plaque is a sticky, almost invisible film of bacteria, food, and saliva. The bacteria produce acids that cause cavities and inflame gums. If plaque is not removed, it hardens into tartar, which further irritates the gums and can slowly destroy bone — the beginning stages of periodontal disease.

How to Floss Properly

  • Take 12–16 inches (30–40 cm) of dental floss and wrap it around your middle fingers, leaving about 2 inches (5 cm) between hands.
  • Guide the floss with your thumbs and forefingers, gently inserting it between teeth using a sawing motion.
  • Curve the floss into a “C” shape around each tooth and under the gumline. Move the floss gently up and down to clean each side of the tooth.
  • Floss holders can help if conventional floss is difficult to use.

Daily flossing helps maintain a healthy, beautiful smile for life!

How can cosmetic dentistry enhance my smile?

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If you feel self-conscious about your teeth or simply want a brighter, more attractive smile, cosmetic dentistry can help boost both your appearance and confidence.

Recent advances in dental technology and materials make it easier than ever to improve the look and health of your teeth. Cosmetic dental treatments not only enhance aesthetics but also support overall oral wellness, giving you a healthier, whiter, and more radiant smile.

Depending on your needs, cosmetic procedures can range from correcting a single tooth to a complete smile makeover. Discuss your goals with your dentist to determine which options are right for you.

Common Cosmetic Procedures

  • Teeth Whitening: Removes stains caused by age, food, drinks, smoking, medications, or trauma to restore a brighter smile.
  • Composite (Tooth-Colored) Fillings: Also called bonding, these fillings repair cavities, replace old fillings, fix chipped or broken teeth, fill gaps, and protect sensitive roots.
  • Porcelain Veneers: Thin, custom-made shells bonded to the front of teeth to improve shape, color, or alignment with minimal tooth reduction.
  • Porcelain Crowns: Full-coverage, custom-made restorations that protect and strengthen teeth with large fractures, decay, or worn-down surfaces.
  • Dental Implants: Surgically placed artificial roots that support crowns, bridges, or dentures, providing a durable and stable solution for missing teeth.
  • Orthodontics: Modern braces and clear aligners straighten teeth discreetly, improving both function and appearance for adult and teen patients.

With today’s cosmetic dental options, it’s possible to transform your smile and feel more confident in every aspect of your life!

What are porcelain veneers and how can they enhance my smile?

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Porcelain veneers are thin, custom-made shells designed to cover the front surfaces of your teeth. They are highly durable, resistant to stains, and are a popular option for patients looking to improve the appearance of their smile.

Veneers can address a variety of cosmetic dental concerns, including:

  • Severely discolored or stained teeth
  • Uneven or unwanted gaps
  • Worn, chipped, or broken teeth
  • Mild crowding
  • Teeth that are misshapen or irregularly sized

Getting veneers usually involves two visits. During the first visit, your teeth are lightly shaped and buffed to accommodate the thin porcelain shells. An impression of your teeth is then sent to a dental laboratory, where each veneer is custom-crafted for your smile’s unique shape and color.

At the second visit, the veneers are carefully bonded to your teeth using specialized dental cement. In some cases, a curing light is used to secure the bond. The result is a natural-looking, beautiful smile that can transform your appearance.

Porcelain veneers are a long-lasting, effective solution for enhancing your smile and boosting confidence.

How does professional teeth whitening work?

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Teeth whitening has become one of the most requested cosmetic dental treatments, with a variety of options available to achieve a brighter smile.

Professional teeth whitening is a safe, non-invasive procedure designed to lighten the color of your natural tooth enamel. While over-the-counter products exist, they are typically less effective and may not meet American Dental Association (ADA) standards.

Over time, teeth naturally darken as the enamel wears down, revealing the deeper, yellowish dentin beneath. Lifestyle factors such as coffee, tea, wine, and smoking can further discolor teeth. Certain medications taken during childhood, like tetracycline, and excessive fluoride (fluorosis) can also cause staining.

Before whitening, your dentist will evaluate your teeth to ensure you are a good candidate. Some types of stains, like those from tetracycline or fluorosis, may not respond well to bleaching and could require alternatives such as veneers or crowns. Teeth whitening only works on natural enamel, so existing fillings, crowns, or veneers may need to be replaced to match the newly whitened teeth.

Since whitening is not permanent, touch-ups may be needed every few years to maintain a bright smile.

Professional Teeth Whitening Options

  • At-Home Whitening: Custom trays are made from molds of your teeth and filled with whitening gel. Trays are worn daily for 30 minutes or overnight, typically taking several weeks to achieve desired results.
  • In-Office Whitening: Performed in the dental office, this treatment delivers immediate results. A protective barrier is applied to your gums, followed by a bleaching solution on the teeth. A special light may be used to enhance whitening. Multiple visits may be needed.

Some patients may experience temporary tooth sensitivity, which usually subsides within a few days to a week after treatment.

Professional teeth whitening can dramatically improve the brightness of your smile, leaving you looking and feeling more confident!

What are my options if I have missing teeth?

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Losing a tooth can be a challenging experience, whether due to injury, decay, fracture, or gum disease. While modern dentistry offers many ways to preserve natural teeth, sometimes extraction is unavoidable. When a tooth is lost, it’s important to replace it to maintain your oral health, bite function, and the appearance of your smile.

After a tooth is lost, surrounding teeth may shift into the empty space, and opposing teeth may move downward or upward. These changes can lead to uneven wear, gum disease, cavities, bite problems, and jaw joint (TMJ) issues over time. Prompt replacement helps prevent these complications.

Options for replacing missing teeth:

  • Removable bridges: These replace one or more missing teeth and are attached to adjacent teeth with metal clasps. They are an economical option, but metal parts may be visible.
  • Fixed bridges: Made of porcelain or composite, fixed bridges are permanently cemented to adjacent teeth. They are stable and durable, though the supporting teeth must be crowned.
  • Dentures: Removable dentures replace most or all teeth in an arch and are designed to resemble your natural teeth closely.
  • Dental implants: Implants are artificial roots placed in the jawbone that support a crown, bridge, or denture. They offer a natural look, excellent stability, and long-lasting results.

If you are missing teeth, your dentist can help determine the best replacement option for your situation. Early treatment can prevent future dental issues and reduce long-term costs while keeping your smile healthy and functional.

What can be done about old, unattractive, or discolored fillings?

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Many of us have fillings that have been in place for years, some even from childhood. Over time, these fillings can become discolored, worn, or unsightly, affecting the appearance of your smile. Old fillings may also develop gaps at the margins, allowing bacteria and food to enter, which can lead to decay.

Your dentist can examine your fillings to determine if they need replacement for health or cosmetic reasons. Today, there are numerous modern materials and techniques that make replacing old or unattractive fillings quick, effective, and comfortable.

Replacement options for old or discolored fillings:

  • Composite (bonding) fillings: Tooth-colored fillings that match the shade of your natural teeth. Ideal for front teeth or visible areas, they improve both the appearance and health of your smile.
  • Crowns (caps): Used when a tooth is too damaged for a filling, crowns cover the entire tooth, restoring its shape, strength, and function. Crowns can be made from porcelain, gold, or other tooth-colored materials.
  • Inlays/Onlays: Custom-made restorations for larger cavities or damaged teeth. Made from porcelain, composite, or gold, they fit precisely on chewing surfaces and offer a durable, conservative solution.
  • Porcelain veneers: Thin, custom-made shells cemented to the front of teeth. Veneers are ideal for correcting discoloration, minor chips, uneven spacing, or slightly crooked teeth, providing a long-lasting, natural-looking smile.

With these options, old, unattractive, or discolored fillings can be replaced with restorations that are strong, functional, and enhance the beauty of your smile.

How are heart disease and other medical conditions connected to periodontal (gum) disease?

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Many people don’t realize that periodontal disease—the infection and breakdown of the gums and jawbone supporting your teeth—can have effects beyond your mouth. In fact, periodontal disease is one of the most common infections, even more prevalent than the common cold! Not only is it a leading cause of tooth loss, but it may also impact your overall health.

Periodontal disease is caused by bacteria. In its early stage, called gingivitis, it begins when plaque—a sticky mix of bacteria, food particles, and saliva—is not properly removed. The bacteria release toxins that inflame the gums and, over time, can destroy the bone that holds teeth in place. If left untreated, periodontal disease can ultimately lead to tooth loss.

Research has found connections between gum disease and serious medical conditions. Bacteria from the gums can enter the bloodstream and reach other parts of the body, potentially contributing to:

  • Heart disease
  • Stroke
  • Complications for individuals with diabetes or respiratory illnesses
  • Increased risk of preterm, low-birth-weight babies in pregnant women

While studies continue to explore the full extent of these links, there is clear evidence that maintaining oral health is important for your overall well-being.

To protect your mouth and body, schedule regular dental exams and cleanings, including periodontal evaluations. Daily home care and a balanced diet also help control plaque and harmful bacteria.

Remember: a healthy mouth contributes to a healthy body!

When should sealants be used?

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While regular brushing and flossing remove most food and bacteria from the surfaces of your teeth, deep grooves on the chewing surfaces of molars and premolars can be difficult to clean. These grooves, known as pits and fissures, are where more than 75% of dental decay begins, as toothbrush bristles cannot reach them effectively. Sealants provide an extra layer of protection in these vulnerable areas.

A sealant is a thin, protective coating applied to the chewing surfaces of teeth. It forms a smooth barrier over grooves and depressions, helping to prevent bacteria and food particles from causing decay.

Who can benefit from sealants?

  • Children and teenagers: Sealants are recommended as soon as the first permanent molars appear, usually around age six, and throughout the cavity-prone years of 6-16.
  • Infants: Occasionally, baby teeth with deep grooves may be sealed if the child is prone to cavities.
  • Adults: Adults with deep grooves on teeth that are free of decay may also benefit from sealants to protect these hard-to-clean areas.

Applying sealants is quick and painless. After lightly roughening the tooth surface with an acid solution to help the sealant adhere, the material is painted onto the tooth and allowed to harden. Sometimes a special light is used to speed up the bonding process.

After treatment, avoid chewing hard or sticky foods like ice, candy, popcorn kernels, or anything that might damage the sealant. During regular dental visits, your dentist will check sealants for wear and repair or replace them as needed.

Combined with proper oral hygiene, a healthy diet, and regular dental exams, sealants are an effective way to prevent tooth decay and protect your smile.

What should I do if a tooth gets knocked out?

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Accidents happen, and each year over 5 million teeth are knocked out. Acting quickly and calmly can make the difference between saving or losing the tooth. If a tooth is knocked out, follow these steps:

Handling the tooth:

  • Pick up the tooth by the crown (the chewing surface), not the root.
  • Do not scrub or use soap or chemicals. If there is dirt, rinse the tooth gently with saliva or whole milk. If those aren’t available, use water carefully.
  • Reach a dentist as quickly as possible—ideally within 30 minutes for the best chance of successful reimplantation.

Transporting the tooth:

  • If possible, gently place the tooth back into its socket. Bite down softly on gauze, a wet tea bag, or your own teeth to hold it in place. Apply a cold compress to reduce pain and swelling.
  • If the tooth cannot be replaced, store it in a small container with saliva or whole milk. Alternatively, you can keep it under your tongue or between your lower lip and gums. Keep the tooth moist at all times. Do not wrap it in a tissue or cloth.
  • Consider keeping a “Save-A-Tooth” kit at home. These kits, available at many pharmacies, include a travel container and special solution for safe tooth transport.

The sooner the tooth is replaced, the better the chances it will survive and remain functional for years. Quick action is essential.

Ways to prevent knocked-out or broken teeth:

  • Wear a mouthguard during sports or high-risk activities.
  • Always use a seatbelt while in a vehicle.
  • Avoid fights or risky behavior that may cause trauma to the mouth.
  • Do not chew hard items such as ice, popcorn kernels, or hard breads.

Why is it important to straighten teeth?

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Properly aligned teeth are more effective for chewing, biting, and speaking than crooked teeth. Beyond function, straight teeth enhance the appearance of your smile, boost self-confidence, and reduce the risk of various dental problems.

Misaligned teeth, also called malocclusions, can include overbite, underbite, crossbite, and overcrowding. These conditions not only affect the look of your smile but also impact oral health and function.

Common issues associated with crooked teeth:

  • Gum disease (Periodontitis): Crooked teeth can be difficult to clean thoroughly, allowing plaque and bacteria to accumulate. Straighter teeth are easier to maintain and are less prone to gum infections.
  • TMJ Disorders: Misaligned teeth may cause improper jaw positioning, leading to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, headaches, jaw locking, and teeth grinding.
  • Increased risk of tooth injury: Crooked or protruding teeth are more vulnerable to trauma, while straight teeth form a protective alignment.
  • Uneven wear: Misaligned teeth may bear uneven pressure when chewing, causing excessive wear. Properly aligned teeth distribute forces evenly, reducing stress and maintaining aesthetics.

Options for straightening teeth:

  • Orthodontic braces: Braces are fixed to the teeth for a set period and adjusted regularly to move teeth into proper alignment. Braces can be placed on the front or back of teeth and are suitable for most alignment issues.
  • Clear aligners: Removable trays are ideal for mild to moderate misalignment. They are replaced every few weeks and gradually guide teeth into position, offering an effective and discreet alternative to traditional braces.

If you’re considering orthodontic treatment, consult your dentist or orthodontist to determine the best approach for your smile and oral health.

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